Chapter 1:

§ Protocol

§ Standard organizations

- nat’l

- regional

- international

§ circuit switching vs packet switching

§ FDM vs TDM

§ Access to Internet

- modems

- DSL

- Cable modem

- LAN

- Wireless

§ Physicalmedia

- UTP

- Coax

- Fiber

- Space

§ Internet infrastruction(ISP)

- tier-1, 2, 3

§ Layered structure of protocols=protocol architecture

-examples?  TCP/IP, OSI, IBM SNA, etc.

§ OSI 7 layer model vs TCP/IP—comparison diagram

§ Service Access Points

§ Data Encapsulation & Decapsulation

§ Nth layer protocol

§ Virtual communication

Chapter 2:

§ Client-server architecture

§ Sockets & programming

§ Socket to Socket communication

§ Socket API & Ports

§ Well-known, Registered, Ephemeral

§ Who controls port numbers ?

§ TCP vs UDP

§ Stateful vs Stateless servers

§ Iterative vs Concurrent servers

§ Application layer protocols vs User’s applications

§ Applet

§ http

§ non-persistent  vs persistent http with or without pipelining

§ RTT

§ Use of cookies

§ Web proxy server—caching

§ FTP

§ SMTP, POP, IMAP

§ IMAP vs POP

§ DNS & Reverse DNS

§ Domain name hierarchy

§ Zone

§ gTLD & ccTLD SLD

§ Recursive vs Iterative service

§ Static vs Dynamic DNS

§ DNS Resource Record types such as A, NS, MX

§ P2P—centralized, query flooding, semi-centralized

§ DHCP

§ Socket API

Chapter 3:

§ TCP & UDP

§ 3 types of services(in any layer except Physical layer)

§ Virtual circuit vs Datagram

§ MUXing & DeMUXing

§ TCP’s reliable service using unreliable IP—protocol design steps

§ 3 ARQs

§ Windowing—go-back-N vs Selective Repeat

§ Cumulative ACK , Piggybacked ACK

§ TCP Timeout= EstimatedRTT = (1- a)*EstimatedRTT + a*SampleRTT

§ TCP flow control—credit scheme

§ 3-way handshake

§ Congestions

§ ATM

§ TCP’s congestion control

§ Congestion window

§ AIMD, Slow Start

§ Losses—Timeout, 3-dup-acks

§ TCP Tahoe & Reno--difference