Table of Contents
Getting
Started
.
3-6
Where
are the ECT Computer Systems
.3
Accessing
the ECT Computers Remotely (using PuTTY)
3
Getting
and using PuTTY
...3
The Joy of
Unix
6-11
Basic
commands
.6
Working
with files and directories
.
..7
Permissions
....8
Special
characters
.
.9
OOOPS
(dealing with mistakes)
..
.9
VI
editor
10
HTML
.11-13
Basic page
.
11
Tables
12
Meta
tags
..
.13
SQL
13
Visual Basic
..
. 14-19
Procedures
.
..
14
Syntax
definitions
16
Collection
object
..
18
Java
.
19-23
Windows
and Java
.
19
Coding
Recommendations
.19
Example
.
20
Installing
and Using the Java SDK
...
.21
More
Examples
..22
C++
23-28
Compiling
..
23
Debugging
tips
...
25
Pointers
and functions
25
Basic
loop syntax
27
Order of Operations
.. 27
Basic Linked
List
.... 28
Various Coding Examples
.29
Programming Tips
...
.. 31
Suggestions before getting
help
32
***NOTE***
This
is NOT
a substitution for your textbooks; this is just a quick-reference on basic
elements and a guide to using some of the computers at school. Use the guide to get started using the
system at school. Use the
references and tips WITH
your textbooks.
If
you find any errors or would like us to add something to the guide please email
the officers of UPE at: upe@ecst.csuchico.edu
To
access the Survival Guide online go to:
http://www.ecst.csuchico.edu/upe/survivor.html
Getting Started
ECT Computer
Systems
The computer systems at CSU Chico are varied. There are several computer labs with different types of equipment in them. Here is a summary of the computer labs available in OCNL. There are also many other labs scattered across Campus for your use.
|
OCNL 133 |
Windows NT or 2000 |
|
OCNL 136 |
Sun Ultrasparc 10's (your
back to the soda machine) |
|
OCNL 241 |
Sun Ultrasparc 5's |
|
OCNL 244 |
Mixed Unix Lab |
|
OCNL 251 |
Windows NT or 2000 |
The primary server at the College of Engineering, Computer Science and Technology (ECST or ECT) is a Sun 3500 server named tiglon. All of the servers at ECST are named for wildcats. (see if you can guess what a tiglon is. Hint, I always thought it should have been spelled tiglion.) Tiglon is replacing 27 HP workstations that were providing server facilities to the college. Tiglon is more than capable of handling the load for many years to come.
Lynx is the ECST web server, although you will never have need to access it directly and most of its functions are hidden from the casual user. Students get to lynx's file system by accessing their public_html directory, which is linked symbolically to the lynx machine.
Accessing the ECT Computers
Remotely
You can use telnet to access the servers (not the labs), although it is not recommended because it does not allow secure authentication with the UNIX system. If you choose to do so anyway, you will be restricted from accessing the labs. Instead, use ssh (secure shell) to log in. There are several free ssh clients for the Microsoft Windows operating system. One such client is PuTTY and can easily be found by browsing to http://www.google.com/search?q=putty+ssh.
When you first log in to ect-unix.ecst.csuchico.edu, you will be prompted with a warning that the servers host key is not cached. This is expected since it has not been written yet. You must say yes to this prompt to save the servers key. This should only happen the first time you log into a new server using ssh.
Getting and Using Putty
Putty is a telnet/ssh client that can be used to connect to a Unix system. It will allow a text based connection to the ECT Unix systems at California State University, Chico. Putty is a free download from:
http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/
Putty is available on all of the Windows NT / 2000 machines in OCNL 251, OCNL 133 and OCNL 136. It may or may not be set up for a connection to ect-unix.ecst.csuchico.edu. Setting it up on these systems or on your home system is the same process.
Putty comes as a single executable file (putty.exe) that can be placed anywhere on a Windows system. I find it convenient to just put it on the desktop. When you open up Putty, you will get a screen similar to the following:
The "ect-unix' line will not be in the default Putty window. You will need to input ect-unix.ecst.csuchico.edu into the Host Name text box and choose SSH as the Protocol. Your window will look similar to the following:
You can click Save to save the settings for this session. You will be prompted to give the session a name. I chose ect-unix. From now on, all you have to do is double-click on the ect-unix session and it will open a connection to ect-unix.ecst.csuchico.edu.
That connection will look similar to the following:
Login using your ECST Unix account login and password. You will now be connected and logged in to tiglon, the application server at the College of Engineering, Computer Science and Technology and you will get a screen similar to the following:
However, your prompt will probably be just a dollar sigh ($) rather than the name of the host and the path information. I have modified my prompt from the original.
From this screen, which is resizable, you will be able to enter Unix commands and also edit and debug your Java programs.
Keep in mind that you can have multiple Putty windows open so
you can edit and save in one window and you can compile in another. This
is what most developers do in order to save the time of exiting and then
reloading a file for editing.
The Joy of
Unix
Changing your
password:
passwd
Do this ASAP!
Cruising the Shell
:
cd
moves
you to your home directory
cd directoryname
moves you to that directory named directoryname
cd ..
moves you to the parent of the current directory
pwd
displays the path of the working (current)
directory
ls
displays a listing of files in the current
directory
ls -a
displays all f iles, including hidden f iles such as .profile and .login
*
ls -l
displays more information on each file, including
permissions
r command r
will search command buffer as you type and will substitute a match..
can save time when executing same command many
times
clear
clears the screen
script filename
starts a log f ile of your Unix session and writes it to filename
end the script by typing Control-d
man commandname
displays documentation for that command, use space bar to move
from
page to page
man -k word
displays all commands where word
is a keyword
*Attempting to modify any of
these special files can wreak havoc on your environment if you don't know what
you are doing!
help commandnam similar to
man, less technical
exit
end
the Unix session logout may also work
Working with Files and
Directories:
mkdir directoryname creates a
subdirectory off of the current directory named
directoryname
rmdir directoryname
removes the directory named directoryname from the
current
directory (the directory being removed must be empty
first)
cp filel file2
copies filel to file2
cp -i filel file2
prompts for confirmation if file2 already exists
cp fname
dname
copies file fname into
directory dname
rm filename
deletes filename
rm - i filename
prompts for y or n before deleting file
lpr ppname
fname
prints the file fname to the
printer pname
lpq -ppname
shows the printer queue (including job numbers) for pname
lprm ppname
jobnumber
removes jobnumber from pname's job queue
more filename
shows the contents of filename, one page at time, use
the
spacebar to see the next page, q to quit
also can be used as a "pipe" to control system
output
ex. ls l | more
page
filename
a little more versatile than more, press - to go back a
page or type a number to go to that page
cat filename
will display contents of filename
cat file1 file2 > file3
concatenates file1 and file2into file3
Permissions:
Access to files and
directories is controlled through the granting and revoking of permissions. You must have permission to read (r),
write(w) or execute(x) a file (even your own!), and similarly you must have
permission to view filenames(r), add or delete files(w), or search through (x) a
directory. The owner (creator) of a
file or directory can assign permissions to himself, to all members of a
specific group, or to everyone. You
can view permissions for files by performing a long listing (ls
-l).
The
permissions will look something like this: _rwxrw_r_ _
The first space is only there to differentiate files from directories (blank for file, d for directory). The following three characters (rwx) are the permissions for the owner aka user(u) of the file. In this case the user has read (r), write(w) and execute(x) permissions. The next three characters (r _ _) are the permissions for other members of the owner's group(g). They have permission to read(r) and write(w). The last three characters are the permissions for everyone else(o). They only have read(r) permission.
chmod u=rwx,g=rw,o=r filename
Sets the above permissions for filename
chmod o+w filename
Grants write priviledges for filename to
others
chmod 777 filename
Grants all permissions to everyone for
filename, using octal
notation
Octal notation: Each group
of 3 permissions is assigned a 3 digit binary value
· 22
21 20
r w x
_ _ _ = 0 = no permissions
_ _ 1 = 1 = execute
permission
_ 1 _ = 2 = write permission
1 _ _ = 4 = read permission
111 = 4+2+1 = 7 = read,
write and execute permissions
In general, your directory
permissions should be set to: r wx - - - - - (700).
Permissions to your no
non-executable files shouId be set to r w- - - - - - -(600),
and
permissions for executable
files should be set to r w x
- - - - - - (700). This
will
protect your work from being
copied or vandalized by others.
Special
Characters:
The following characters
have special meaning in Unix and should not be used in
filenames: &; | * ?
[ ] ( ) $ < > { } ^ # \ /
OOOPS:
If you need to stop a
currently executing command (process),
kill anumber
kills the process with the pid number anumber.
ki1l -9 anumber
kills the process and all associated processes.
ps -u username
displays all current processes (and their PID's) belonging
to
username
ps -lu username
displays more info about username's current processes
control-u
kills the current command line (before you hit
enter)
control-c
may interrupt the current process
control-d
exits some processes (such as script)
control-z
sends a process to the background
control-h
erase a character
backspace
same
delete
same
Being a VIP (a VI (editor)
Person)-.
VI
operates in 2 modes. When you start
VI, you are in the command mode. You can move around to different
lines, delete text, copy, paste, save changes and exit VI. In order to enter text you must change
to input mode. Input can begin before or after the
cursor, before or after the current line, or on an entirely new line before or
after the current line. The same
line editing commands available at the Unix command line work here also. Within input mode you are restricted to
editing the current line, or creating a new line. To enter command mode from input mode,
hit the escape key. To return to input mode, hit either i,
I, a, A, o, or 0, depending on where you
wish text entry to start. Sometimes
the screen may become badly distorted.
This often happens across a Telnet when the buffer size is too large
(over 25). The screen can be
repainted with the control-d key stroke combination. Below is a listing of the most common VI
editing commands.
COMMAND
MODE:
Move it:
H
Top of screen
L &n